55. Modular Exponentiation

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Input: base = 2, exponent = 10, modulus = 1000

Output: 24

Explanation: 2^10 mod 1000 = 1024 mod 1000 = 24

Input: base = 3, exponent = 4, modulus = 5

Output: 1

Explanation: (3^4) mod 5 = 81 mod 5 = 1

Input: base = 5, exponent = 0, modulus = 7

Output: 1

Explanation: Any number to the power of 0 is 1, so (5^0) mod 7 = 1 mod 7 = 1

Time Complexity

O(log n)

Space Complexity

O(1)